Some common sports injuries that we treat at the clinic include:
Ankle sprains
Ankle sprains are reported to be the most common sporting injury. Ankle sprains involve injury to the ligaments around the ankle and can happen with turning quickly or landing from a jump. Initially it is important to use ice, compression, elevation and rest to assist healing in the acute stage. Physiotherapy can then help with restoring movement to the ankle, retraining the muscles around the ankle and improving your balance. Your physiotherapist can also advise you about getting back to sport and recommend any braces or taping necessary for your return to sport.
Hamstring strains and ruptures
Hamstring injuries are very common in sport and often happen when the athlete is sprinting or occasionally with jumping or lunging. The athlete will often feel a sharp, pain in the back of the leg. Hamstring injuries range from minor strains that will heal in about 10 days to complete ruptures that can take months to heal. The physiotherapist will prescribe you an exercise programme to strengthen your hamstrings. As this is an injury that tends to re-occur the most important aspect of treatment is to identify factors which contributed to the injury occurring such as weak hip muscles and correct these.
Achilles tendinopathy
The Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon in the human body. It is the tendon of the calf muscles and inserts into the heel bone. Achilles tendinopathy is common in runners especially following an increase in activity or a change in footwear. Initially the Achilles tendon will be painful following activity. As the condition worsens the Achilles will then be sore during activity as well. Progressive strengthening exercises have been shown to be beneficial for treating Achilles tendinopathy. As well as this correcting any predisposing factors such as poor foot biomechanics is also really important.
Shin splints or Medial Tibia Stress Syndrome (MTSS)
The term shin splints describe pain on the inside of the tibia or shin bone which is usually sore at the start of exercise but decreases with warming up. Often training can be completed but the pain will come back at the end of training and will be worse the next day. Over-pronation of the foot or a “flattened arch” is common with this type of injury. Tightness in the calf muscles is also common. Treatment can involve addressing tightness in the calf muscles with stretches and manual release of trigger points or dry needling of the lower leg muscles. Correction of poor foot mechanics is important too as well as strengthening for the muscles of the foot and activity modification.
Stress Fractures
Bones are constantly remodelling and repairing due to stress placed on them during activity. If the stress placed on the bone with sporting activities for example, exceeds the bones ability to heal this can lead to the development of a weakened area or stress fracture. Common sites of stress fractures include the tibia (shin bone), metatarsals (foot), fibula (shin), femur (thigh bone) and pelvis. Stress fractures often will not show up on X-ray, but sometimes an x-ray will be recommended to rule-out any other causes of bony tenderness. Treatment normally involves an initial period of rest to allow the bone to heal. Strengthening exercises can then be commenced. These should be done within pain free raneg to avoid aggravating the condition.
Adductor muscle or Groin strains
Adductor muscles strains are common in sports such as football which involve changing direction suddenly and also where there is a large force applied on such a long lever (kicking a ball). The pain usually comes on quickly with a sudden move and is localised in the groin injury area. Initial treatment involves the reduction of swelling with rest, ice, compression and elevation. Stretching would be avoided in the first few days as it is thought to contribute to the development of tendinopathy. After this, progressive strengthening exercises can be prescribed by your Chartered Physiotherapist. When you have regained your full strength and flexibility sport involving rapid changes of direction can be commenced. Recurrent adductor strains are common so returning to sport too soon should to be avoided.
Osteitis pubis
Osteitis pubis is a painful condition of the pubic bone. The pain normally comes on gradually and may be felt in groin or lower abdomen. The pain is usually aggravated by exercise, with twisting, turning and kicking being the most provocative. Often the condition progressively deteriorates until the athlete can no longer participate in sport. It is reported that the condition develops from biomechanical overloading of the pubic bone (pubic symphysis).Treatment can include manual therapy or dry needling to release tight muscles. Strengthening exercises for the abdominal and gluteal muscles is also really important. This programme will accompany a gradual return to sport.
Jumpers knee or Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Patellofemoral pain syndrome describes pain in or around the knee cap (patella). The pain is aggravated by sustained sitting, kneeling, ascending or descending stairs, squatting, walking or running. The pain normally comes on gradually. Traditionally the pain was believed to originate from misalignment of the patella but many factors such as weak hip muscles, rotation at the hip and poor foot biomechanics are involved. Treatment includes identification of any factors that have contributed to development of the condition and correction of these.
ACL tears
ACL or Anterior Cruciate Ligament tears can happen when an athlete is landing from a jump, blocking a kick, turning or slowing down quickly. Often this may be accompanied by a pop or crack. If it is a complete tear often surgery is required to repair the ligament. But even if surgery is required it is worth visiting you physiotherapist before surgery to help with pain relief, maintaining your movement and strengthening the muscles around the knee as they begin to weaken within the first 24 hours of pain. Your physiotherapist will also be instrumental after the operation to guide your rehabilitation and return to sport. This can take 6-9 months post-operatively.
Meniscal injuries
Meniscal injuries or injuries to the cartilage of the knee occur commonly when the knee twists with the foot anchored to the ground. This injury is common in footballers and basketballers. These injuries can occur with/without an injury to the cruciate ligament. The knee may be swollen and may click. For severe meniscal injuries key-hole surgery may be indicated but the majority do well with physiotherapy management. Physiotherapy is focused on relieving pain, getting rid of swelling, working on range of movement, strengthening exercises and a gradual return to sport.
MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament of the knee) tears
Injuries to the MCL usually occur when the bent knee is forced inwards when the foot is planted on the ground. These injuries range in severity from mild (Grade I) to complete rupture of the ligament (Grade III). With a Grade III injury it may feel like the knee will give-way. Initial treatment of an MCL injury involves rest to allow the ligament to heal. The length of this will depend on the severity of the injury. After this an intensive strengthening programme and treatment of the injured liagmant will be carried out to help with return to sport.
Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylalgia is an overuse injury of the tendons of the elbow. It normally comes on after a bout of unaccustomed activity involving wrist movement such as typing, painting or gardening. In tennis players it may happen after changing grip size, increasing playing times and performing repetititve backhand shots. Manual treatment of the joint around the elbow and dry needling has been shown to be really successful in improving pain and grip strength in tennis elbow. Strengthening exercises are also really important in improving strength and preventing reoccurrence of the injury.
Dislocated shoulder
Dislocation of the shoulder is a common traumatic sports injury. It can occur from a direct blow to the shoulder or if the arm is forced back when it is out to the side. It will require a visit to the hospital to be relocated. Following this the arm is usually placed in a sling for about 3 weeks. An intensive physiotherapy programme is then commenced and advice will be given about position that could cause the shoulder to re-dislocate. Gradual return to sport will follow.